Bullying is a serious problem in many schools. It happens when a student or group of students repeatedly hurts, threatens, or embarrasses another student. Bullying can be physical, like hitting or pushing; verbal, like calling someone names; or online through social media, which is called cyberbullying.

In primary school, bullying often happens on the playground or in class. Younger children may bully others because they want attention or don’t understand the harm they cause. In secondary school, bullying can become more serious. Students may form groups that exclude others or spread rumours.

Bullying can make victims feel sad, afraid, or lonely. Some students lose confidence, avoid school, or perform poorly in their studies. In severe cases, bullying can lead to anxiety and depression.

Teachers, parents, and students all have a role in stopping bullying. Teachers should create safe classrooms. Parents should teach their children kindness and monitor their behavior. Students should speak up and support peers who are being bullied.

Every child deserves to feel safe at school. By promoting respect and understanding, we can make schools places where everyone feels valued.

Muhammad Abdulwahid is an SS1 Art student of Shehu Shagari Model Islamic Centre, Area 1, Abuja.

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Wind energy

Wind is air that moves. Sometimes it is gentle, like a breeze on a sunny day. Other times, it can blow really strong, like during a storm. Scientists and engineers have figured out how to use this moving air to make electricity. They build tall towers with big blades called wind turbines. When the wind blows, it pushes the blades, making them spin. This spinning turns a machine inside the turbine that creates electricity.

Wind energy is cool because it is clean and infinite. Unlike fuel that can run out, wind will always blow somewhere in the world. It doesn’t pollute the air, which helps keep the Earth healthy. Many countries use wind farms, lots of turbines in one place – to make electricity for thousands of homes.

Water energy

Water is also a powerful friend for making energy. Moving water has energy because it flows or falls from high places. This is called hydropower. Engineers build dams across rivers to control the water. When the water flows through the dam, it spins large wheels called turbines, which make electricity. Water energy can come from rivers, waterfalls, or even ocean tides.

Hydropower is amazing because it is renewable. That means we can use it again and again without running out. It also doesn’t make the air dirty, so it is safer for animals, plants, and people. Some countries get most of their electricity from hydropower because it is reliable and strong.

Why wind and water are important

Using wind and water for energy is part of taking care of our planet. Burning coal, oil, and gas creates smoke and gases that hurt the environment. These gases can make the Earth hotter, which causes problems like melting ice, rising seas, and extreme weather. By using nature’s power, we can make electricity without harming the Earth.

You don’t have to be a grown-up to help. You can learn about wind and water energy, share ideas with your friends, and even make small projects at home. For example, you can make a mini windmill from paper or create a tiny water wheel in a stream. Every little step helps you understand how nature’s energy works and why it is important to protect it.

Wind and water show us that energy can be clean, smart, and fun. By learning how to use them, we can power our homes, schools, and playgrounds without hurting the planet. Next time you feel the wind on your face or watch a river flow, remember: nature is giving us energy every day, and it’s up to us to use it wisely!

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The first step is choosing your space. You don’t need a big yard; even a small balcony, windowsill, or corner of your backyard can work. Make sure your plants will get sunlight for at least a few hours each day. Sunlight is important because it helps plants grow strong and healthy.

Next, decide what you want to grow. For beginners, easy plants like tomatoes, lettuce, spinach, or herbs like mint and basil are perfect. If you like flowers, marigolds, sunflowers, or zinnias are bright, fun, and easy to take care of. Pick plants that you like and that can grow well in your area.

After that, get your gardening tools and soil ready. You don’t need fancy equipment. A small trowel, a watering can, and some pots or containers are enough to start. Choose good soil or potting mix because healthy soil makes healthy plants.

Now comes the planting part. Follow the instructions on the seed packet. Usually, you’ll dig a small hole, place the seed or seedling inside, and cover it with soil. Water gently so the soil is moist but not soggy. Make sure to plant seeds with enough space between them so they have room to grow.

Watering and caring for your plants is very important. Plants need water, sunlight, and love! Check your garden every day. Remove weeds, make sure the soil is moist, and watch for insects that might harm your plants. You can even make your own compost from leftover fruit and vegetable scraps to feed your plants naturally.

One of the best things about gardening is watching your plants grow. It teaches patience, responsibility, and respect for nature. You’ll be amazed at how a tiny seed can turn into a tomato, a sunflower, or a bunch of herbs. Gardening also gives you fresh produce you can eat or share with your family, which is healthier and tastier than store-bought options.

Finally, remember to have fun and be creative. You can decorate your garden with painted stones, small figurines, or handmade plant labels. You can even start a mini herb garden in old containers or jars. The possibilities are endless, and your garden can become your special green corner in the world.

Starting a garden is a small way to help the planet while learning something new. So grab some seeds, soil, and sunlight, and start your garden today. Who knows? You might become the youngest gardener in your neighbourhood!

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Making friends starts with being yourself. People are drawn to those who are genuine and confident in who they are. You don’t have to pretend to like something you don’t or act a certain way to fit in. When you are honest about your likes, hobbies, and personality, you attract friends who appreciate the real you.

Another way to make friends is by showing interest in others. Ask questions, listen, and pay attention to what they say. Simple things like remembering their favorite game, book, or movie can show that you care. Being a good listener helps people trust you and feel comfortable around you.

Being a good friend also means being supportive and kind. Celebrate your friends’ achievements, help them when they need it, and stand by them when things get tough. Avoid gossip, teasing, or putting others down. True friends lift each other up, not bring each other down.

It’s also important to respect differences. Friends may have different opinions, hobbies, or beliefs, and that’s okay. Accepting and appreciating those differences makes friendships stronger. Conflicts may happen, but handling them with respect, calm words, and understanding helps maintain trust.

Good friends communicate openly. If something bothers you, it’s better to talk about it calmly instead of letting anger or misunderstandings grow. Honest conversations can prevent small problems from becoming big ones.

Friendship is a two-way street. It’s not just about what you get but also what you give. Sometimes, friends need a listening ear, a helping hand, or just someone to hang out with. Being reliable and caring shows that you value the friendship.

Finally, remember that it’s okay if not every attempt at friendship works out. Some people might not click, and that’s normal. Focus on people who bring positivity, respect, and joy into your life. Quality matters more than quantity when it comes to friends.

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Recycling means giving new life to things that might otherwise be thrown away. By reusing materials, we create less trash, save energy, and protect animals and plants. Eco-friendly crafts show that even small actions can make a big difference.

Glass jars can become colourful pencil holders. Wash a jar, paint it with bright designs, and add stickers or ribbons. A plain jar transforms into a fun desk organiser in minutes! Tin cans can be painted and turned into mini flower pots. Add soil and seeds, and you have a tiny garden that grows right on your windowsill.

Old newspapers and magazines are perfect for paper crafts. They can be folded into origami animals, turned into greeting cards, or rolled into beads for bracelets and necklaces. Cardboard boxes become race cars, robots, or houses. With scissors, glue, and imagination, every scrap has a new purpose.

Crafting with recycled materials also helps develop important skills. Measuring, cutting, and planning projects teach focus and patience. Sometimes crafts don’t turn out exactly as planned—but that’s part of the fun. Each attempt makes you better and more creative.

Working on these crafts with family or friends adds even more fun. Sharing ideas, competing to see who can create the coolest project, or gifting your crafts spreads joy and inspires others to recycle too. It becomes a way to connect, learn, and care for the planet together.

Every bottle, can, and scrap of paper reused is one less item in the trash. Making eco-friendly crafts reminds us to treat the Earth with respect. Creativity and care go hand in hand, proving that protecting the planet can be exciting and rewarding.

Old items don’t have to stay “trash”. They can become bird feeders, toys, or beautiful decorations. Recycling and crafting show that imagination has no limits. Every project helps the planet, teaches new skills, and brings hours of fun.

By turning recycled materials into art, kids become eco-friendly heroes. The next time something old seems useless, think of the amazing creations you can make—and the difference you can bring to the Earth.

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Music works in a special way in our brains. When we listen to songs we like, our brain releases chemicals called dopamine. Dopamine is known as the “feel-good” chemical. It makes us feel joy, pleasure, and energy. This is why your favourite song can make you want to dance, sing along, or even smile without realising it.

Listening to music also helps reduce stress. When life feels busy or overwhelming, putting on some calm or cheerful tunes can relax your mind. Studies show that music can lower heart rate, reduce tension, and even help people sleep better. That means music doesn’t just make us happy—it can also make our bodies feel better too.

Music can also be a friend when you are feeling lonely. It can express feelings that are hard to put into words. Sometimes, listening to a song that matches your mood can help you feel understood. You might even feel like the singer or the band is talking directly to you. This connection can be comforting and bring a sense of happiness and peace.

Singing along or playing instruments adds even more happiness. When you sing, your body releases endorphins, another chemical that helps you feel good. Playing an instrument can make you feel proud and confident, especially when you learn a new song or perform for others. Music gives you a way to express yourself, and expressing your feelings is an important part of staying happy and healthy.

Sharing music with friends or family can also boost happiness. Dancing together, singing together, or even recommending favourite songs can create fun memories. Music can bring people together, help friendships grow, and make celebrations more exciting.

Even listening to music while doing homework or chores can make tasks more enjoyable. A cheerful song can turn a boring task into a fun activity. Over time, music becomes a part of your daily routine, giving you small moments of happiness every day.

In conclusion, music is more than just sounds. It is a tool that can lift your spirits, reduce stress, help you express your feelings, and bring people together. Whether you sing, dance, play instruments, or just listen, music has the power to make life brighter and happier. So next time you feel sad or tired, put on a favourite song and let the happiness flow!

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Journaling means writing down your thoughts and emotions in a notebook. It does not have to be perfect. You do not need big grammar or fancy words. It is not an exam. It is just you, your pen, and your truth. When you write about what you are feeling, you give your emotions a safe place to rest.

For example, if you had a bad day at school, you can write about what happened and how it made you feel. You might realise that you were not just angry; you were hurt or embarrassed. Writing helps you understand your emotions better. When you understand them, they feel less scary.

Drawing your feelings works the same way. Sometimes words are hard to find. But colours and shapes can speak for you. You can draw a dark cloud if you feel sad. You can draw bright stars if you feel happy. You can scribble, sketch, paint, or colour. There is no right or wrong way to do it.

Journaling and drawing also help you slow down. In today’s world, everything moves very fast. School, homework, social media, chores,  it can feel like there is no pause button. Taking ten minutes to write or draw gives your mind a break. It is like telling your brain, “It’s okay. Let’s breathe.”

Another beautiful thing about journaling is that it helps you grow. When you look back at old pages, you can see how much you have changed. You may notice that something that once made you very upset does not bother you anymore. That is growth. That is strength.

You do not have to journal every day. Start small. Maybe once or twice a week. Pick a quiet time. Find a notebook that you like. Some people decorate their journals with stickers or colourful pens. Make it fun and personal.

If you are worried that someone might read your private thoughts, keep your journal in a safe place. Remember, this space belongs to you.

Drawing can also be shared if you want. Some people feel proud of their artwork and choose to show it to friends or family. Others keep it private. Both choices are okay.

Your feelings matter. They are not silly. They are not too much. Writing or drawing them does not make you weak. It makes you brave. It means you are learning how to take care of your heart.

Sometimes, the strongest thing you can do is sit quietly with your emotions and let them speak. A simple notebook or sketchpad can become your safe space. And in that space, you can find peace, clarity, and a better understanding of yourself.

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A green city is not a city painted green. It is a place that cares for nature while meeting the needs of the people who live there. It is a city that protects the air, water, plants, and animals.

One important way cities can be green is by planting more trees. Trees are very powerful. They give us oxygen to breathe. They provide shade on hot days. They also help clean the air by absorbing harmful gases. When cities plant trees along roads, in parks, and around schools, the whole environment becomes cooler and fresher.

Parks and gardens also make cities greener. Open green spaces give children safe places to play and families places to relax. Gardens can even be used to grow vegetables and fruits. Some cities create community gardens where neighbours grow food together. This teaches people about nature and healthy eating.

Transportation is another big part of a green city. Cars and buses release smoke that pollutes the air. Green cities encourage people to walk, ride bicycles, or use public transport like buses and trains. Some cities build special bike lanes to make cycling safe. When fewer cars are on the road, the air becomes cleaner.

Recycling is also very important. Instead of throwing everything away, green cities separate waste into different bins. Plastic, paper, glass, and metal can be recycled and turned into new products. This reduces the amount of trash in landfills and keeps the environment clean.

Saving energy helps cities stay green too. Buildings can use solar panels to get energy from the sun. Streetlights can use energy-saving bulbs. People can switch off lights and electrical appliances when they are not in use. Small actions, when done by many people, make a big difference.

Water conservation is another key idea. Green cities fix leaking pipes and encourage people to use water carefully. Rainwater can be collected and stored for watering plants. Clean rivers and lakes are important for both people and wildlife.

Schools also play a role in creating green cities. Students can plant trees, organise clean-up days, and learn about protecting the environment. When children understand how to care for nature, they grow up to become responsible adults.

Even animals benefit from green cities. When there are trees, gardens, and clean water, birds and butterflies can live safely. Nature and people can share the same space.

A green city is built by everyone. Government leaders, teachers, parents, and children all have a part to play. You may be young, but you can still help. Do not litter. Plant a small tree. Use less plastic. Walk short distances instead of asking for a car ride.

Cities do not have to be grey and smoky. With smart ideas and caring hearts, cities can be clean, bright, and full of life. A green city is not just good for the planet. It is good for you too.

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Helping others teaches us empathy. Empathy is when you understand how someone else feels. When you help someone who is sad, worried, or struggling, you are practising empathy. You’re showing that you care, and that care can change how someone feels in a single moment. Even something as simple as listening to a friend talk about their day can make a huge difference.

It’s not just feelings that improve when we help others; our brains benefit too. Scientists have found that doing kind things releases chemicals in our brains, like dopamine and serotonin. These are sometimes called “feel-good” chemicals because they make us feel happy and calm. So every time you help someone, your brain is literally rewarding you for being kind! That means helping others is a win-win; you make someone’s day better, and you feel better too.

Helping others also helps build stronger friendships and communities. When people see you being kind, they are more likely to help you and others too. Acts of kindness can spread like ripples in a pond. One small act can inspire many more acts of kindness, and suddenly, your school, neighbourhood, or family becomes a happier place. Even tiny gestures, like holding a door open, saying “thank you”, or helping carry something heavy, contribute to a positive environment.

You don’t have to do huge things to make a difference. Simple, everyday acts matter. Helping your little sibling clean up their toys, sharing your stationery with a classmate, or volunteering to plant trees are all ways to make the world better. And the best part? You don’t need money, fame, or special tools, just a willing heart and a kind attitude.

Sometimes, helping others can also teach you important lessons. You might discover patience when helping someone learn a new skill, understanding when a friend is feeling upset, or creativity when thinking of ways to solve a problem. These lessons make you stronger and kinder, and they help you grow as a person.

So, next time you see someone who could use a hand, remember: helping is not just about giving; it’s about sharing joy. Every smile you bring to someone else’s face is a little victory. Every act of kindness, no matter how small, adds a drop of happiness to the world. And the best part? That happiness often comes back to you in ways you can’t even imagine.

Helping others is a superpower we all have. Use it, enjoy it, and watch the world around you become brighter, one kind act at a time.

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Bees are what scientists call pollinators. Pollination happens when bees visit flowers to collect nectar, the sweet liquid inside. While sipping nectar, pollen sticks to their bodies. When they fly to the next flower, they spread this pollen, helping plants make seeds and grow new flowers, fruits, and vegetables. Without bees, many of the foods we love, like apples, strawberries, and even chocolate, wouldn’t exist!

There are thousands of different types of bees, but the ones we see most often are honeybees. Honeybees live in large groups called hives, with a queen bee, worker bees, and drones. Worker bees do almost all the jobs, they collect nectar, take care of baby bees, and even guard the hive. The queen bee lays eggs to make sure the hive keeps growing, and the drones help the queen. It’s teamwork at its best!

Bees are also super smart. They can remember the locations of flowers, communicate with each other through a special “waggle dance”, and even tell their friends how far away the best nectar is. It’s like having a little bee GPS!

But here’s the problem: bees are in trouble. Their numbers are dropping in many places because of pesticides, loss of habitats, and climate change. Without enough flowers to visit or safe places to live, bees can’t do their jobs. This is why protecting bees is important, not just for the bees, but for all of us.

The good news is that you can help! Plant flowers that bees love, like sunflowers, lavender, and marigolds. Avoid using chemicals in your garden and give bees a safe place to rest. Even making a small “bee hotel” from sticks and old leaves can give them a cosy home. Every little effort counts, and bees will thank you with more flowers, fruits, and even honey!

Bees aren’t just workers; they’re nature’s little superheroes. They remind us that even small creatures can have big jobs. So next time you see a bee buzzing around, don’t swat it away. Watch closely, say hello, and think about the incredible work it’s doing. Thanks to these tiny pollinators, our world stays colourful, healthy, and full of yummy food.

Remember, bees may be tiny, but their impact is enormous. By protecting them, you’re helping nature and yourself. So let’s celebrate these amazing insects and make the world a better place, one flower at a time! 

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